江西梅岭国家森林公园古树名木的分布特征

古树名木是自然界和前人留下的珍贵遗产和宝贵的林木种质资源。本文以每木调查法对江西梅岭国家森林公园内的古树名木的分布特征开展调查。结果表明:在水平分布上,古树名木分布于生态环境较好的罗亭镇和太平镇,占61.40%;在垂直分布上,海拔200 m以下分布居多,达68.38%。以香樟为例:发现海拔高度与树高呈明显正相关,与胸径呈明显负相关,与冠径和树龄呈负相关但不显著;在生境分布上,以村旁和林地居多,占67.28%;在地形分布上,分布于平坡、阳坡以及平地,分别占37.50%、90.44%和43.38%;在集群分布上,以散生为主,占83.46%。这些结果为该区域后续的古树名木资源保护提供可靠的信息资料。     

浅淡森林抚育间伐作业中存在的问题与建议—以白龙江为例

在森林培育时,森林的抚育间伐是很重要的,通过抚育间伐可以在很大程度上提高森林的培育效率,对于林业的发展有着很好的推动作用,以白龙江为例阐述了白龙江林区抚育现状以及在抚育间伐过程中存在一些问题。因此,为了加强森林的培育,森林的抚育间伐措施应科学合理。基于此,分析森林抚育间伐过程中遇到的问题及采取的相应措施。     

浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作现状及对策

为了促进人与自然和谐相处,保障生态文明建设,应做好森林资源保护培育工作。通过分析浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作的现状及问题,提出相应的对策,以完善龙泉地区森林资源建设,促进林业可持续发展。     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

小规模林农在林权抵押贷款业务中的劣势分析及应对措施

针对小规模林农林权抵押贷款较难的现象展开研究。在阅读文献的基础上对小规模林农进行界定,并从他们自身入手,分析其在林权抵押贷款中存在的文化程度低、单户家庭资产额低、信用担保机构缺乏、抵押贷款额小等劣势,在此基础上提出相应的解决措施。     

森林人家休闲健康旅游发展对策

从创新休闲模式,提升产业结构的理念出发,提出发展森林人家亟待解决的问题和对策。     

黑龙江森林火灾初次扑救派出人员数量模拟与分析

通过问卷调查收集了黑龙江省若干基层扑火指挥员对不同火场情景时的初次扑救派出人员数量 ,据此通过二次线性回归分别建立了根据火场情况 (火场面积、风级和到火场所需时间 )模拟森林火灾扑救初次派出人员数量的非线性模型 ,并对有关影响因素进行了分析。结果表明 ,(1)所建立的多元非线性模型能够较好地模拟派出人员数量 ;(2 )根据各地情况分别做出的模型模拟效果好 ,而以地区或省为单位进行模拟效果不好 ;(3)在火场面积小于 2hm2 时 ,多数人将风力看作是影响初次派出人员数量的首要因素 ,其次是到达火场所需时间 ,最后是火场面积 ;(4)随着指挥员工作时间的增长 ,模型中赋予到火场所需时间的权重增加 ,对到达火场所需时间越重视。     

退耕还林实施成效及问题分析——以邛崃市为例

退耕还林是国家为解决水土流失严重和沙化耕地等生态问题的重要举措，实施至今。取得了显著成效，但同时也存在不少问题。对四川省邛崃市80户退耕还林农户的调查，分析了邛崃市在退耕还林中取得的成效及存在的问题，并对退耕还林提出了一些建议。     

俄罗斯联邦的森林资源及其特性

俄罗斯联邦森林资源极为丰富,在世界上占有重要地位,其森林资源本身具有地域分布的不均匀性、变动的相对稳定性、针叶树种及成过熟林蓄积的优势性十分明显。这些特点为中俄林业合作开发亚洲地区的森林资源奠定了良好的物质基础。     

林木生物质能源开发和利用

林木生物质能源作为生物质能源的一个重要分支,清洁性和可循环再生利用等特点使其在新世纪具有广阔发展前景。本文结合国外做法介绍了我国木质能源开发和利用现状,阐述了林木质能源开发和利用方式,并对发展前景和对策作了初步探讨。